Abstract. Analytical note provides a comprehensive study of approaches to resolving conflicts of interest in the activities of Members pf Parliament – members of parliamentary committees, and the possibility of their participation in discussions and decision-making in the event of a conflict of interest in the European Parliament, as well as in the parliaments of Ireland, Germany, France, and Lithuania. It examines the state of implementation of the relevant GRECO recommendations in Ukraine and in the parliamentary practice of individual EU Member States.

Keywords: conflict of interest, parliamentary committee, member of Prliament, GRECO recommendations, declaration of interests, register of interests, code of ethics, European Parliament.

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03/2026

Abstract. The analytical note examines comparative law regarding the conduct of public consultations by Members of European parliaments. The practices of conducting such consultations in Scotland, France and Poland are examined in detail, as well as the recommendations of the Inter-Parliamentary Union on the use of digital tools, ensuring representativeness, equal access and assessing the impact of consultations. The technical and procedural requirements for organising public consultations are outlined.

Keywords: public participation in legislative process, public consultations, electronic consultations, legislative procedure.

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03/2026

Abstract. This analytical note presents the results of an analysis of fixed-term appointments to civil service posts, highlighting the specific features of the competitive selection process and the conclusion of agreements for fixed-term appointments to civil service posts, as set out in the national legislation of certain EU Member States, namely: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Croatia.

Keywords: civil service, civil service post, fixed-term appointment to a post, civil service contract.

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03/2026

Abstract. This analytical note presents the results of a study of the specific features of the legislation governing internal competitions for civil service posts in EU countries, using the examples of Belgium, Spain, Ireland, Germany and France, and identifies its general principles: equality, merit, publicity and transparency. It describes the typical algorithm for competitive selection (vacancy announcement, verification of eligibility, assessment of competition results) in each of the aforementioned countries and identifies the common and distinctive features of internal competitions for civil service posts.

Keywords: civil service, civil servants, internal competition, conditions of internal competition, conduct of internal competition, competitive examination.

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03/2026

Abstract. This analytical note presents the results of a study of international standards and case law regarding the protection of honour, dignity and business reputation in the context of freedom of expression. Particular attention is paid to the concept of heightened tolerance of public figures to criticism and the specifics of applying the ‘criminal intent’ standard in US Law. The mechanisms for implementing the ‘right to be forgotten’ under the General Data Protection Regulation are analysed, as well as the criteria for balancing privacy and the public interest in access to information. Legal approaches to distinguishing between factual statements and evaluative judgements in various jurisdictions are analysed. The document also highlights the issue of ‘strategic lawsuits against public participation’.

Keywords: defamation, public figures, right to be forgotten, value judgements, case law of the European Court of Human Rights, anti-SLAPP.

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03/2026

Abstract. The analytical note examines the legal regulation and features of civil servant promotion in the Member States of the European Union, using France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, and Poland as examples. It identifies the basic mechanisms of promotion (competitions, quotas, training requirements) and the models of promotion (automatic advancement based on length of service and advancement through grades).

Keywords: civil service, civil servants, promotion, length of civil service, civil servant grade, categories of the civil service.

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02/2026

Abstract. The analytical note addresses issues related to the existence and functioning of personnel (candidate) reserves in the civil service. It also analyses the conditions and procedures for selecting candidates from such reserves for civil service positions in European Union countries, including the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, France, and Croatia.

Keywords: civil service, civil service position, competitive selection, personnel reserve, candidate reserve, public authority.

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02/2026

Abstract. This analytical note examines foreign practices concerning the evaluation of the performance of civil servants. It summarises selected aspects of the legal regulation and practical application of evaluation procedures and performance management in the public sector.

Keywords: civil service, performance evaluation, performance management, public administration reform.

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02/2026

Abstract. This analytical note examines foreign practices concerning the submission by candidates for civil service positions, upon appointment to office, of integrity questionnaires (declarations of interests) or similar documents intended to confirm integrity and prevent conflicts of interest.

Keywords: civil service, integrity questionnaire, declaration of interests, conflict of interest, integrity, verification of declarations.

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02/2026

Abstract. This analytical note examines the issue of salaries and monetised benefits provided for by law for members of parliament (members of parliamentary chambers), heads and members of government (higher executive bodies), and heads of state (presidents or highest officials exercising representative functions and powers) in the G7 countries– the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Japan, Germany, France, and Italy – as well as in the Member States of the European Union, the institutions of the European Union, and other states, in particular the Republic of Kazakhstan, the State of Israel, South Korea, Singapore, and China.

Keywords: wages, social guarantees for civil servants, social benefits, bonuses, compensation of expenses, relocation assistance.

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01/2026