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Abstract. The analytical note examines the experience of regulatory and legal control over the activities of higher scientific self-governing organisations in selected European Union Member States. It focuses on the structure, composition and powers of higher scientific self-governing organisations in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Czechia, Slovakia, Spain, France, Austria, Italy, Sweden, Croatia, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria.
Key words: scientific self-governing organisation, academy of sciences, scientific research, research institute, university, fundamental research.
04/2026
Abstract. This analytical note outlines the main approaches and characteristics of legislative regulation and law enforcement practices in European Union Member States in the field of animal welfare; in particular, analyses legislative and subordinate regulatory acts, as well as acts of local authorities, which set out requirements for keeping dogs on a lead and in enclosures (including their design), conditions for handling them, certain restrictions or prohibitions, etc. A note has been conducted of the draft Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the welfare and traceability of dogs and cats, as well as the legislation of Germany, Austria, Sweden, Italy, France and Poland governing the keeping of dogs on a lead and in enclosures. Mechanisms of state control and liability for violations in this area have been analysed.
Keywords: European Union legislation on the treatment of dogs, animal welfare, conditions for keeping dogs on a lead, requirements for the design of enclosures, prevention of animal cruelty, administrative and criminal liability for breaches of animal welfare standards
04/2026
Abstract. This analytical note examines the issue of legal regulation of the principles of spatial planning in the Member States of the European Union (Sweden, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Germany, Poland, Spain, Belgium). It analyses activities of the subjects responsible for spatial planning, the necessary documents, objectives, etc.
Keywords: spatial planning, territorial planning, state territory, general plan.
03/2026
Abstract. This analytical note examines the legislative regulation of real estate brokerage services in the Member States of the European Union. It identifies the main types of real estate brokerage services, the requirements for individuals who may act as real estate agents, issues related to agents’ remuneration and liability in this field, as well as information on the existence of national associations of real estate agents, among other aspects. The analysis is based on a review of the relevant legislation of Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, France, Estonia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, and Sweden.
Keywords: real estate agent, real estate brokerage activity, real estate brokerage services, real estate broker, brokerage activity, property broker, real estate, immovable property, intermediary, intermediary services.
02/2026
Abstract. The analytical note examines the legislative regulation of the principles governing railway transport in the Baltic States following the opening of the European Union railway transport market. It analyses the relevant experience of railway transport reform in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania after their accession to the European Union.
Keywords: railway transport, opening of the EU railway transport market, access to railway infrastructure in the Baltic States, Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), Rail Baltica transport corridor.
02/2026
Abstract. The analytical note describes the main types and features of marketing services in the pharmaceutical sector and analyses the system of regulatory requirements for the registration (authorisation) of pharmaceutical products and the provision of services for their promotion, as defined in the secondary legislation of the European Union (in particular, in the Community Code relating to medicinal products for human use). The legislation of France, Denmark, Portugal, the Netherlands and Poland has been reviewed with regard to the regulation of pharmaceutical marketing activities in the internal market of the European Union, and the features of legislative regulation of restrictions on financial relations through the introduction of transparency mechanisms and ethical standards have been analysed.
Keywords: European Union legislation, pharmaceutical marketing, marketing services, prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, registration (authorisation) of medicinal products.
12/2025
Abstract. The analytical note analyses the main provisions of the European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals and provides an overview of its ratification by the participating states. It reviews the European Commission's proposal for a draft regulation on the welfare and traceability of dogs and cats. The legislation of Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Germany, Romania, Finland, the Czech Republic and Sweden is analysed with regard to the legal regulation of surgical operations to change the appearance of a pet or for other non-medical purposes, in particular tail docking and ear cropping in dogs, as well as the grounds for exceptions and liability for violations of established prohibitions.
Keywords: European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals, animal welfare, surgical interventions, tail docking, ear cropping, cruelty to animals.
11/2025
Abstract. The analytical note highlights the main provisions of Directive 2024/1203/ EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024 on the protection of the environment through criminal law and replacing Directives 2008/99/EC and 2009/123/EC and the key innovations of the Member States of the European Union in this area.
Keywords: environmental protection, environmental crimes, criminal liability of natural persons, criminal liability of legal persons, criminalisation of environmental offences.
10/2025
Abstract. This analytical note presents the results of an analysis of the regulatory framework for artificial intelligence technologies in Ukraine, Europe and the United States. It focuses on trends in the development of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in Ukraine, the EU, European countries and the United States.
Key words: high technology, innovation, national strategy for the development of artificial intelligence, digital technology, artificial intelligence, AI.
07/2025
Abstract. This analytical note contains a comparative analysis of approaches to determining liability for violations of forestry legislation and dispute resolution mechanisms in Ukraine and European Union member states (in particular, Germany, France, Austria and Finland). The document also examines current European standards and highlights the requirements for establishing criminal and administrative liability for violations of forestry legislation.
Keywords: European Union, violations of forestry legislation, administrative liability, criminal liability, dispute resolution, mediation.
06/2025