Abstract. The results of analysis of peculiarities of the state policy and legislation of a number of European region countries regarding the mandatory introduction of English language learning at the preschool and primary education levels are presented. In particular, a detailed review of normatively regulated principles and approaches used in implementation of the state educational policy on foreign languages studies (with an emphasis on English) was carried out, as well as evaluations of experts and conclusions of expert studies on the effectiveness of foreign language studies introduction at the preschool or primary education levels in each individual state. Attention is focused on the effectiveness of methods, mechanisms and tools of legal regulation of mandatory introduction of English language learning at preschool and primary education levels in such countries as: Estonia, Spain, Italy, Germany, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, France, Switzerland.

Key words: preschool education, preschool education institutions, English language, state language policy, state educational policy, modern foreign language, education system, educational program, educational plan, preschool education students, preschool age, critical period of language learning.

Abstract. The Draft Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Effective Forest Management Based on Forestry on the Principles of Close-to-Nature Forestry Adapted to Climate Change and Conservation of Forest Biodiversity» (Reg. № 9615 of August 16, 2023) was analyzed for compliance: acts of law of the European Union (hereinafter - the EU) and Ukraine's obligations in the field of European integration; Resolutions of the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (Forest Europe); the state environmental policy of Ukraine and national legislation. The provisions of Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 13, 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment; Council Directive 92/43/EEC of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora; Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 31, 2023 on the provision on the Union market and export from the Union of certain goods and products relating to the destruction and degradation of forests and repealing Regulation (EU) 995/2010 were analyzed. The experience of European countries in terms of objects and criteria for environmental impact assessment in the forestry sector was considered.

Key words: forestry, forest management, forest degradation, wild flora, European integration.

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11/2023

Abstract. The analysis results of peculiarities of the state policy and legislation of a number of foreign countries in field of stabilizing demographic situation by stimulating and encouraging birth rate, i.e. increasing the fertility rate, are presented. In particular, a detailed review of normatively regulated principles and approaches used in the implementation of state demographic policy was carried out. Attention is focused on effectiveness of both proven and innovative methods, mechanisms and tools of legal regulation to improve the birth rate in such countries as: Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Poland, South Korea, Slovakia, Finland, France, Croatia, Czechia, Japan.

Key words: demographic crisis, demographic indicator, demographic policy, birth coefficient, fertility rate, family support policy, birth rate, population ageing.

Abstract. The analytical note contains results of a comparative study of foreign countries legislation on the use of certain methods of treating infertility with a help of assisted reproductive technologies, in particular: surrogate motherhood, cryopreservation, in vitro fertilization. Conceptual approaches to the legal regulation of relations that arise in the process of surrogate motherhood are analysed . Attention is focused on the legislative regulation of measures to ensure the right to biological post-traumatic parenthood / motherhood in the USA, Great Britain and Israel.

The analytical note does not provide a comparative analysis with the national legislation of Ukraine. The author of the appeal identified the need for foreign experience with an emphasis on the need to improve Ukrainian legislation regarding measures to ensure the right of combatants to biological post-traumatic parenthood / motherhood.

Key words: assisted reproductive technologies, infertility treatments, surrogate motherhood, cryopreservation, in vitro fertilization, biological post-traumatic parenthood/motherhood, USA, Great Britain, Israel.

Abstract. The legislation regulating the procedure for conducting environmental impact assessment of individual projects in the forestry sector in the European Union (EU) member states was analyzed.

The legislation of Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Germany were analyzed.

Key words: forestry, forest management, forest degradation, wild flora, European integration.

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10/2023

Abstract. In the analytical note, the peculiarities of legislative regulation of the use of light personal electric vehicles and low-speed light electric vehicles were carried out in European countries and other countries of the world. The following aspects are considered: participation of these vehicles in road traffic in settlements, including traffic on sidewalks or bicycle and pedestrian paths, roadways; restrictions on their gross weight and speed; basic requirements for users of these vehicles, including age restrictions, mandatory use of helmets, obtaining a driver's license to drive these vehicles, etc.

The subject of the analysis was the legislation of such countries as Germany, Poland, Great Britain, Lithuania, USA, Japan.

Key words: electric vehicle, light personal electric vehicle, low-speed light electric vehicle, electric scooter, electric motor, road traffic, speed, European and world countries.

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10/2023

Abstract. The analysis results of the state policy and legislation of certain states of Eastern and Central Europe, primarily EU member states, on legal regulation of planning and organization of pharmacy segment of pharmaceutical infrastructure are presented. In particular, a detailed review of normatively regulated principles and approaches used in planning and creating a network of pharmacy establishments was conducted. Attention is focused on proven procedures, mechanisms and tools of legal regulations for determining planning criteria for the infrastructural component of retail trade of medicines in such countries as: Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Slovenia.

Key words: pharmacy, pharmacy facility, pharmaceutical infrastructure facility, pharmacy infrastructure planning.

Abstract. The analytical note examines the practice of legal regulation about exceeding the speed limit and the permissible noise level during the operation of vehicles, as well as the use of electric vehicles on the roads in the European countries. In the context of the issues the following aspects are researched: responsibility for exceeding the speed limit and the permissible noise level while driving and operating vehicles; limit of the maximum permissible speed and the "step" of exceeding it; mechanisms for measuring the permissible noise level and liability for exceeding it; "average speed", peculiarities of its establishment, calculation, etc.; legal regulation of driving and operation of electric scooters and other electric vehicles (gyroboards, monowheels, sigways, etc.). These and some other issues are analysed on the basis of the legislation of such countries as Germany, Poland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Lithuania, and Latvia.

Key words: vehicles, electric vehicles, speed, noise, responsibility.

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09/2023

Abstract. The analytical note contains the results of a comparative study of the legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries on surrogate motherhood. Conceptual approaches to principles of legislative regulation of relations related to the use of reproductive technologies, in particular, surrogate motherhood, are analyzed. The main problems of legal support for the process of surrogate motherhood in Ukraine and in foreign countries are studied (on the example of legislation of the state of Washington (USA)). Attention is paid to the peculiarities of contractual relations in this area and directions for improvement of legislative regulation.

Key words: surrogate motherhood, assisted reproductive technologies, ART, in vitro fertilization, infertile couples, commercial surrogate motherhood, altruistic surrogate motherhood, surrogate mother.

Abstract. A comparative analysis of the legislation of European Union, individual EU member states and other states on cyber security issues was carried out. On this basis, common and different approaches to determining legal status of cyber security entities in specific states are characterized, procedures and means of protection of state electronic information resources from modern cyber threats are analyzed, specific features of cyber security provision of the highest spheres of public life are unraveled.

The legal regulation specifics of public relations in field of cyber security at the EU legislation level have been studied. In this context, the mechanism of the formation of EU authorities in field of cyber security and national bodies of EU member states is characterized, the peculiarity of formation and structure of national strategies for ensuring cyber security is determined. Along with this, it was analyzed from the standpoint of the legislative mechanism for ensuring the cyber resilience of the EU information infrastructure based on the European system of cyber risk certification, standardization and technical specification of IT products, services and processes in the information sphere.

Key words: European Union Agency for Cyber Security, state electronic information resources, cyber security, cyber threat, cyber incident, ISO international standards.